Chromatography

Hardware

  Ion Source

Sample molecules are ionized in the ion source after chromatographic separation by a GC. The structure and function of the ion source will be explained here.

• Overview of Ion Source
• Structure of Ion Source
• To Control Ionization
• The Role of Magnets
• Comparison of Sources

  Mass Analyzer

A quadrupole(QP) mass analyzer is most extensively used for GC/MS analysis. The mechanical structure of a QP mass analyzer and its principles will be explained.

• Overview of Mass Analyzer
• Structure of QP Mass Analyzer
• Applied Voltages to Rods
• Mass Filtering by QP Analyzer
• Motion Equation of QP Analyzer
• Stability Region and Ion Trajectory
• Stability Region and Scan Line

  Scan Mode and SIM Mode

Scan Mode and SIM Mode are the generally used analysis mode. Operation principles of the two modes will be explained, and a new analysis mode will be introduced.

• Scan Mode and SIM Mode
• Scan Mode
• Total Ion Chromatogram(TIC)
• Mass Chromatogram(MC)
• SIM Mode
• FASST (Fast Automated Scan/SIM Mode)

  Detector

An electron multiplier is generally used as a detector on a mass spectrometer. The structure of an electron multiplier system will be described here.

• Overview of Detector System
• Structure of Electron Multiplier (Discrete-Dynode Type)
• Electron Multiplication
• Gain of Electron Multiplier
• Structure of Electron Multiplier (Continuous-Dynode Type)
• Conversion Dynode

  Vacuum System

The mass spectrometer is housed in a vacuum. The basic knowledge of vacuum system, which is needed to understand GC/MS analysis, will be provided here.

• Overview of Vacuum System
• Why Does MS Require High Vacuum?
• Turbomolecular Pump
• Single Pumping System
• Limitation Factors of Vacuum
• Differential Pumping System
• Single Pumping System and Differential Pumping System
• Dual Inlet Turbomolecular Pump
• TMP Pumping System and Column

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